Efeito imediato da manipulação osteopática tibiotársica no equilíbrio estático de mulheres jovens / Immediate effect of manipulation of talocrural joint in static balance in young women / Efecto inmediato de la manipulación de la articulación talocrural en equilibrio estático en mujeres jóvenes

Objetivou-se verificar o efeito imediato da manipulação osteopática para anterioridade tibiotársica sobre o equilíbrio estático, em mulheres jovens. Metodologia: Vinte mulheres foram divididas igualmente em dois grupos: manipulação do tornozelo (GMT) e controle (GC). Analisou-se o deslocamento ântero-posterior (Y) e médio-lateral (X), de olhos abertos e fechados, em um Baropodômetro. Resultados: Na análise intergrupos, o GMT apresentou maior oscilação (eixos X e Y), em todos os momentos, comparado ao GC (p<0,05). Nas comparações intragrupo, o GMT apresentou aumento significativo da oscilação no eixo Y, pós-intervenção, com olhos abertos (p<0,05). Conclusão: A manipulação para anterioridade tibiotársica diminuiu, imediatamente, o equilíbrio estático ântero-posterior no GMT com os olhos abertos.

Objective: To investigate the immediate effect of osteopathic manipulation of talocrural joint for anterior talocrural, on static balance, in young women. Methods: Twenty women were divided into two groups: manipulation of talocrural (MTG) and control (CG). It was analyzed the anterior-posterior (Y) and mediolateral (X) displacement with open and closed eyes in a baropodometry. Results: In the intergroup analysis, the oscillation showed higher in MTG (X and Y axes), at all times, compared to CG (p<0,05). In intragroup comparisons, the MTG increased significantly in the Y axis of oscillation, after intervention, with open eyes (p<0,05). Conclusion: The manipulation of talocrural joint decreased immediately the static anteroposterior balance in GMT with his eyes open.

Objetivo: Investigar el efecto inmediato de la manipulación osteopática de la articulación talocrural para anterioridad talocrural, en equilibrio estático, en mujeres jóvenes. Métodos: Veinte mujeres fueron divididas en dos grupos: manipulación talocrural (GMT) y control (GC). Se analizó los desplazamientos anterior-posterior (Y) y mediolateral (X) con los ojos abiertos y cerrados en un baropodometro. Resultados: Entre los grupos, la oscilación se mostró superior en GMT (ejes X e Y) (p<0,05). Intragrupo, en el GMT oscilación la aumento significativamente en el eje Y, después de la intervención, con los ojos abiertos (p<0,05). Conclusión: La manipulación de la articulación talocrural disminuyó de inmediato el equilibrio anteroposterior estático en GMT con los ojos abiertos.

Efeitos do ultrassom terapêutico associados ao alongamento estático sobre parâmetros histomorfométricos longitudinais de sóleos imobilizados de ratos / Effects of therapeutic ultrasound associated with static stretching on longitudinal histomorphometric parameters of immobilized soleus of rats

O músculo é um tecido dotado de plasticidade que se adapta a diferentes estímulos. A imobilização causa danos ao sistema muscular incluindo atrofia, perda da extensibilidade e resistência muscular. O alongamento muscular e o ultrassom terapêutico são modalidades utilizadas para acelerar o processo de reparo muscular, provendo aumento da síntese proteica e melhora da extensibilidade. OBJETIVO: Comparar o uso do ultrassom terapêutico, associado ao alongamento, na remobilização de músculo sóleo, de ratos, submetido ao encurtamento muscular, sobre os aspectos histomorfométricos longitudinais. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Vinte e oito ratos Wistar foram imobilizados por 15 dias e, após liberados do aparato de imobilização, distribuídos em quatro grupos: grupo (GA) apenas remobilizado por alongamento durante 10 dias; e os demais foram submetidos a 10 dias de intervenção terapêutica do ultrassom de 1MHz a 1,0W/cm² (GAUS 1,0); 0,5W/cm² (GAUS 0,5); e 0,2W/cm² (GAUS 0,2), e posterior alongamento dos músculos sóleos. Ao final do tratamento, os animais foram eutanasiados e tiveram seus músculos removidos para posterior análise histológica dos parâmetros longitudinais (contagem de sarcômeros). RESULTADOS: Na análise intragrupo, quanto ao comprimento muscular, apenas o grupo GAUS 0,5 não teve diferença significativa. Quanto à contagem de sarcômeros, os grupos GA e GAUS 0,2 tiveram diferença significativa. Quanto ao tamanho dos sarcômeros, nenhum grupo teve diferença significativa. Na análise intergrupos, nenhum grupo apresentou diferença significativa. CONCLUSÃO: O alongamento foi insuficiente para reverter os efeitos da imobilização. Quando associado ao ultrassom terapêutico, a dose 0,5W/cm² recuperou o comprimento muscular, e as doses 1,0 e 0,5W/cm² contribuíram para o aumento da quantidade dos sarcômeros em série.

The muscle tissue is endowed with plasticity that adapts to different stimuli. Immobilization causes damage to the musculature including atrophy, loss of muscle strength and extensibility. The stretching and ultrasound treatment modalities are used to speed up muscle repair process as they can increase protein synthesis and improve extensibility. OBJECTIVE: To compare the use of therapeutic thermal and non thermal ultrasound, associated with stretching, in the remobilization of the soleus muscle of rats subjected to position of muscle shortening on aspects histomorphometric longitudinal muscle.} METHODS: 28 rats were immobilized for 15 days, later released from the apparatus and divided into four groups: group AG only remobilized by stretching for 10 days and the others were subjected to 10 days of therapeutic intervention 1MHz of ultrasound at 1.0W/cm² (GAUS 1.0), 0.5W/cm² (GAUS 0.5), and 0.2 W/cm² (GAUS 0.2), and further stretching to the soleus. At the end of treatment, the animals were sacrificed and their soleus muscles were removed for later histological analysis of longitudinal parameters (count of sarcomeres). RESULTS: At intragroup analysis on the muscle length, only the group GAUS 0.5 did not present significant difference. The count of sarcomeres in the groups GA and GAUS 0.2 was statistically different. The size of the sarcomeres in both groups had no statistically significant difference. In inter-group analysis both groups had no statistically significant difference for any of the variables. CONCLUSION: The stretching was insufficient to reverse the effects of immobilization. When associated with therapeutic ultrasound, the dose 0.5 W/cm² recovered muscle length significantly, and the doses 1.0 and 0.5 W/cm² contributed to the significant increase of the number of sarcomeres in immobilized muscles.

Uso da corrente catódica de alta voltagem sobre a dor em compressão nervosa experimental / Use of high-voltage cathodic current for pain in experimental nerve compression

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito da corrente catódica de alta voltagem sobre a dor em um modelo experimental de ciatalgia. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 16 ratos Wistar, machos, submetidos a um modelo de ciatalgia experimental no membro pélvico direito. Os sujeitos foram divididos em grupo simulacro (GS) e grupo tratado com corrente catódica (GP-) por 20 min diários durante 10 dias. O modelo de compressão foi realizado com amarria por fio catgut 4.0 cromado, em quatro pontos ao longo do nervo isquiático. A avaliação da nocicepção foi realizada, de forma funcional, com o tempo de elevação da pata (TEP), e à pressão, pelo limiar de retirada, via analgesímetro eletrônico. Os dados foram coletados antes do modelo de ciatalgia (AV1), três dias depois da compressão (antes, AV2, e após o tratamento, AV3), após o quinto dia de tratamento (AV4) e em seguida ao décimo dia de tratamento (AV5). RESULTADOS: Pela avaliação funcional, em ambos os grupos houve aumento da nocicepção, sem redução da mesma em qualquer momento da avaliação. À pressão, no entanto, o GS mostrou redução do limiar de retirada em todos os momentos, enquanto o GP- apresentou redução do limiar apenas inicialmente - em AV5 o limiar foi restaurado. CONCLUSÃO: Não houve alteração na nocicepção pela avaliação funcional; porém, à pressão, o tratamento com corrente catódica mostrou efeito com a somatória de terapias.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of high-voltage cathodic current on pain from a sciatica experimental model. METHODS: A total of 16 male Wistar rats were submitted to the sciatica experimental model in the right hind paw. They were divided into sham group (GS) and group treated with cathodic current (GP-) for 20 min/daily, for 10 days). The model of sciatic compression was performed with a 4.0-chromic catgut thread tie in four points of the sciatic nerve. Assessment of nociception was performed by measuring the time during which the animal held its hind paw in a guarded position (THHP) and the pressure withdrawal threshold, by use of a digital electronic analgesymeter. Data collection was carried out before the sciatica experimental model (AS1), three days after compression (before, AS2, and after treatment, AS3), and five and 10 days after treatment (AS4 and AS5, respectively). RESULTS: According to the functional disability test, both groups showed an increase in nociception, with no reduction at any assessment time. Submitted to pressure, however, GS showed a reduction in the hind paw withdrawal threshold at all assessment times, while GP- showed a reduction in the hind paw withdrawal threshold only initially - at AS5, the threshold was restored. CONCLUSION: No change in nociception was observed on functional assessment; however, on pressure hind paw withdrawal assessment, the treatment with cathodic current showed to be effective with the summation of therapies.

Use of high-voltage cathodic current for pain in experimental nerve compression.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of high-voltage cathodic current on pain from a sciatica experimental model. METHODS: A total of 16 male Wistar rats were submitted to the sciatica experimental model in the right hind paw. They were divided into sham group (GS) and group treated with cathodic current (GP-) for 20 min/daily, for 10 days). The model of sciatic compression was performed with a 4.0-chromic catgut thread tie in four points of the sciatic nerve. Assessment of nociception was performed by measuring the time during which the animal held its hind paw in a guarded position (THHP) and the pressure withdrawal threshold, by use of a digital electronic analgesymeter. Data collection was carried out before the sciatica experimental model (AS1), three days after compression (before, AS2, and after treatment, AS3), and five and 10 days after treatment (AS4 and AS5, respectively). RESULTS: According to the functional disability test, both groups showed an increase in nociception, with no reduction at any assessment time. Submitted to pressure, however, GS showed a reduction in the hind paw withdrawal threshold at all assessment times, while GP- showed a reduction in the hind paw withdrawal threshold only initially - at AS5, the threshold was restored. CONCLUSION: No change in nociception was observed on functional assessment; however, on pressure hind paw withdrawal assessment, the treatment with cathodic current showed to be effective with the summation of therapies.

Low-level laser therapy, at 830 nm, for pain reduction in experimental model of rats with sciatica.

Chronic pain, resulting from nerve compression, is a common clinical presentation. One means of conservative treatment is low-level laser therapy, although controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two doses of low-level laser, at 830 nm, on pain reduction in animals subjected to sciatica. Eighteen rats were used, divided into three groups: GS (n=6), sciatica and simulated treatment; G4J (n=6), sciatica and treatment with 4 J/cm²; and G8J (n=6), sciatica and irradiation with 8 J/cm². The right sciatic nerve was exposed and compressed using catgut thread. Five days of treatment were started on the third postoperative day. Pain was assessed by means of the paw elevation time during gait: before sciatica, before and after the first and second therapies, and the end of the fifth therapy. Low-level laser was effective in reducing the painful condition.

Swimming training and functional assessment of sciatic nociception in rats.

INTRODUCTION: The protective effect of exercise on individuals with peripheral neuropathy is controversial. OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of physical training of moderate and progressive intensity on nociception of rats in an experimental sciatica model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study assessed 18 rats divided into the following three groups: control group (CG); low-intensity swimming group (LISG); progressive-time swimming group (PTSG). To meet the physical training protocol, the animals were placed in a water tank for six weeks, three alternate days per week. In LISG group, the animals swam ten minutes per session, and, in PTSG group, the animals began swimming for ten minutes, and had a ten-minute increase per week. In CG group, the animals swam less than one minute per day, only to get used to the water environment. After finishing the swimming training, the experimental sciatica model protocol was started with constrictive ligature of the sciatic nerve with chromic catgut. Nociception was assessed using the functional disability test, which measures, in a one-minute interval, the time during which the animal holds its hind paw (THHP) in a guarded position. Assessments were performed preoperatively, and on the third, sixth, and tenth post-operative (PO) days. RESULTS: All groups showed a significant increase in THHP on third, sixth, and tenth PO days, as compared to preoperative values. In CG, no significant change was observed in PO assessments, unlike what happened in LISG and PTSG groups. CONCLUSION: Exercise produced greater hyperalgesia.

Treinamento com natação sobre a avaliação funcional da nocicepção ciática em ratos / Swimming training and functional assessment of sciatic nociception in rats

INTRODUÇÃO: Existe certa controvérsia com relação ao efeito protetor do exercício em indivíduos com neuropatia periférica. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o treinamento físico, moderado e com intensidade progressiva, como fator infl uenciador da nocicepção em ratos submetidos a um modelo de ciatalgia. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 18 ratos, divididos em três grupos: Grupo-Controle (PL); Grupo Natação Baixa Intensidade (GNBI); Grupo Natação Tempo Progressivo (GNTP). Para a realização dos protocolos de treinamento, os animais foram colocados em tanque de água, durante 6 semanas, 3 dias da semana, sendo que para GNBI os animais realizavam 10 minutos de natação por dia, para GNTP os animais iniciaram com 10 minutos e tendo progressão de 10 minutos por semana. PL realizava menos de 1 minuto de natação, apenas para ambientalização. Após o treinamento foi realizado o modelo experimental de ciatalgia, com amarria por fio Catgut cromado. Para avaliação da nocicepção foi utilizado o Teste de Incapacidade Funcional, que mostra os valores de tempo de elevação da pata (TEP) em um minuto. As avaliações ocorreram antes da cirurgia, no 3º, 6º e 10º dias de pós-operatório (PO). RESULTADOS: Para todos os grupos, foi possível observar que houve aumento significativo dos valores no 3º, 6º e 10º dias de PO ao comparar com os valores do momento pré-cirurgia, mas, para o controle, não houve alteração significativa entre os momentos seguintes, fato que ocorreu para os grupos de natação. CONCLUSÃO: O exercício produziu maior hiperalgesia do que nos animais controle.

INTRODUCTION: The protective effect of exercise on individuals with peripheral neuropathy is controversial. OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of physical training of moderate and progressive intensity on nociception of rats in an experimental sciatica model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study assessed 18 rats divided into the following three groups: control group (CG); low-intensity swimming group (LISG); progressive-time swimming group (PTSG). To meet the physical training protocol, the animals were placed in a water tank for six weeks, three alternate days per week. In LISG group, the animals swam ten minutes per session, and, in PTSG group, the animals began swimming for ten minutes, and had a ten-minute increase per week. In CG group, the animals swam less than one minute per day, only to get used to the water environment. After finishing the swimming training, the experimental sciatica model protocol was started with constrictive ligature of the sciatic nerve with chromic catgut. Nociception was assessed using the functional disability test, which measures, in a one-minute interval, the time during which the animal holds its hind paw (THHP) in a guarded position. Assessments were performed preoperatively, and on the third, sixth, and tenth post-operative (PO) days. RESULTS: All groups showed a significant increase in THHP on third, sixth, and tenth PO days, as compared to preoperative values. In CG, no significant change was observed in PO assessments, unlike what happened in LISG and PTSG groups. CONCLUSION: Exercise produced greater hyperalgesia.

Ação analgésica da corrente anódica de alta voltagem sobre ciatalgia experimental / Analgesic action of anodic high voltage current on experimental sciatica

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A ciatalgia produz grande morbidade, com implicações individuais e sociais, uma das possibilidades terapêuticas é a corrente de alta voltagem, mas possui resultados controversos na literatura devendo ser mais explorada. Assim, o objetivo do estudo foi analisar o quadro álgico de ratos submetidos a um modelo de ciatalgia, tratados com corrente de alta voltagem anódica. MÉTODO: Foram utilizados 12 ratos Wistar, divididos em 2 grupos, simulacro (GS) e tratado com corrente de alta voltagem anódica (GP+). Todos foram submetidos a um modelo de ciatalgia experimental, e 3 dias após iniciou-se o tratamento para GP+, diários, durante 10 dias. As avaliações ocorreram antes da compressão, ao 3º dia (antes e após o 1º tratamento), após o 5º e 10º dias de tratamento. Os métodos utilizados foram o teste de incapacidade funcional e o limiar de retirada, com uso do filamento de Von Frey digital. RESULTADOS: Para o teste de incapacidade funcional, ambos os grupos apresentaram aumento do tempo de elevação da pata,sem redução em nenhum momento. Para o limiar de retirada, foi possível observar apenas para o GP+ aumento do limiar após o 5º e 10º dias de terapia, ocorrendo também aumento significativo ao comparar pós-lesão com após a 5ª terapia. CONCLUSÃO: O uso da corrente anódica de alta voltagem produziu aumento do limiar doloroso à pressão, mas não produziu diminuição na dor que pudesse intervir na claudicação.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The sciatica produces high morbidity, with individual and social implications, one of the therapeutic is the high-voltage current, but has the same controversial results in literature and should be explored further. Thus,the aim of the study was to analyze the pain in rats subjected to a sciatica model treated with the anode high-voltage current. METHOD: A total of 12 Wistar rats were divided into two groups, sham (SG) and treated with the high-voltage anode(PG+). All animals underwent to a sciatica experimental model,and 3 days after treatment began for PG+, daily for 10 days.Assessments occurred prior to compression, the 3rd day (before and after the 1st treatment), after the 5th and 10th treatment days.The methods used were the functional incapacitation test and the withdrawal threshold, using the digital Von Frey filament. RESULTS: for functional incapacitation test, both groups showed increased paw elevation time, without reduction in anytime. For the withdrawal threshold, was observed only for the PG+ threshold increase after the 5th and 10th days of therapy, occurring also increased significantly when compared with postinjury after the 5th treatment. CONCLUSION: the use of anode high-voltage current produced a pain threshold increase to pressure, but produced no reduction in pain that could intervene in claudication.